Identifikacija akvatičnih insekata po njihovom letu

Identifying Invertebrate Flight Patterns

Pitajte bilo kog mušičara i on će vam reći da sezona za pecanje suvih muha nikada nije dovoljno duga. Kako insekti – bube počnu da lete iznad vode i pastrmka se diže njima u susret, mušičar mora da bude u stanju da brzo identifikuje porodicu insekata i odabere najbolju imitaciju muhe koja će odgovarati trenutno insektima koji se roje, pre no što rojenje prođe. Evo tri saveta koji će vam omogućiti da – na prvi pogled i iz daljine – identifikujete koji insekti se nalaze na vodi i koji je najbolji izbor imitacije suve muhe za vezanje na tipet kako biste uhvatili više ribe.

Let velike porodice vodenih insekata „velike trojke” (jednodnevke, kedisi i kamenjarke) je definisan i jedinstven kao skup otisaka prstiju. Iako svaka od ovih porodica insekata može biti sastavljena od stotina ili čak hiljada pojedinačnih vrsta, ovi obrasci leta će važiti za sve unutar date porodice, omogućavajući budnom mušičaru da brzo suzi svoj izbor i da suvu muhu koja leti poveže sa stotinama obrazaca na samo rezultat.

Let jednodnevki (mayflies) podseća na igru PingPong, pri čemu se odrasli kreću napred-nazad po vodi u obliku talasa. Iako može doći do malog horizontalnog pomeranja sa jedne na drugu stranu, dominantno kretanje jednodnevki u letu je ravnomerno, strmo do nežno kotrljajući let gore-dole koji je jedinstven za ovu porodicu.

Let kedisa (caddis fly) je mnogo sporadičniji i nepredvidiviji od leta jednodnevki. Roj kadisa koji leti iznad vode može se najbolje uporediti sa bacanjem kante loptica u mašinu za sušenje veša; haotično je! Kadi lete spiralno i poskakuju, šrafćući i lepršajući, krećući se samo malo više u pravcu napred nego sa strane na stranu, unazad, gore i dole.

Kamenjarke (stoneflies) imaju najodlučnije šeme leta od Velike trojke i kreću se poput helikoptera Chinook na misiji. Praveći samo male korekcije u svom letu, ovi insekti teškog tela, dugih krila dobijaju zamah dok rade kroz vazduh u uglavnom pravolinijskom letu.

Ponašanje pri polaganju jaja

Kao što svaka od najvećih vodenih porodica insekata ima karakterističan obrazac leta, oni su podjednako prepoznatljivi pažljivim mušičarima po tome kako se vraćaju na vodu i polažu jaja.

Jednodnevke (Majske mušice) su modeli “drift-free-drifta” koje ribolovci na suvu muvu uvek žele da imitiraju. Majska mušica koja nosi jaja nežno sleće na vodu, krila podignuta kao mala jedra, a njihovo ponašanje nije ni drečavo ni ekstravagantno, jer jednostavno plove u toku. Nakon što urone svoje stomake ispod površine vode da odlože jaja, jednodnevka tiho izlazi na vodu.

Poput minijaturne, vodene verzije filma Footloose, kedisi mušice su Kevin Bejkons sveta insekata! Dok se kedis koji leže jaja vraća u vodu na više načina, ogroman broj vrsta kedisa roni i odbija se preko površine vode u istom sporadičnom i spiralnom letu koji ih je definisao u vazduhu. Mada ih ima i koji lete gore dole, posebno kada polažu jaja (kvasiguz)

Najveća od „velike tri“ porodice vodenih insekata, kamenjarke (stoneflies) daju do znanja svoje prisustvo kada se vrate u vodu da polože jaja. Udarajući u vodu poput ranjenog helikoptera, noge kamenjarke koja leže jaja uzburkavaju vodu, omogućavajući im da brzo polete preko vrha vode. Odrasle mušice kamenjarki gotovo trče po površini vode u ponašanju koje je jedinstveno za sebe.

Učite od majstora

Bez obzira na to koliko je moja potera akrobatska, ili koliko energično mašem mrežom u pokušaju da uhvatim letećeg insekta, postoje gospodari reke koji prevazilaze sve moje težnje sakupljanja insekata (buba). Neumorno uzorkovanje i noću i danju, ovi majstori entomologije strpljivo beleže i ažuriraju tekući dnevnik otvora, postavljajući u redove i prikazujući svoje najnovije snimke. Majstori nalik džedajima kojima izmičem nisu neki štreberi na nivou doktora nauka, već bezbrojne vrste pauka koji naseljavaju obale potoka i vrbe duž svake pastrmke vode na svetu. U nitima njihovih mreža nalazi se ažuriran katalog porodica, vrsta i životnog ciklusa insekata koji se izlegu, skakuću i lete oko tog dela vode. Ove ubrzane fotografije otvora koji se nalaze u paukovoj mreži sa strane potoka daju pecarošu neuporedivu priliku da otvori svoju kutiju za mušicu i precizno uskladi izbor.

Original: Identifying Invertebrate Flight Patterns

Ask any fly fisherman and they will tell you that the season to fish dry flies is never long enough. As the bugs start to fly over the water and the trout rise to meet them, the fly angler needs to be able to quickly identify the family of invertebrate and choose the best fly pattern to match the hatch before it passes them by. Here are three tips that will enable you to – at a glance and from a distance – identify which bugs are on the water and the best dry fly pattern to tie on in order to catch more fish.
The flight of the “Big Three” aquatic invertebrate families (Mayflies, Caddis Flies, & Stoneflies) is as defined and unique as a set of fingerprints. While each of these invertebrate families might be made up of hundreds or even thousands of individual species, these flight patterns will hold true to all within a given family, allowing the vigilant angler to quickly narrow down the dry fly to tie on from hundreds of patterns to just a score.

The flight of the mayflies is reminiscent of the game of Pong, with the adults moving back and forth across the water in a wave-like pattern. While there might be a little horizontal drift from side to side, the dominant movement of the mayfly in motion is an even, steep to gently rolling, up and down flight that is unique to this family.

The flight of the caddis fly is much more sporadic and unpredictable than that of the mayfly. A swarm of caddis flies over the water can be best compared to dumping a bucket of bouncy balls into a clothes dryer; it is chaotic! Caddis flies spiral and bounce, cork screwing and fluttering, moving just slightly more in a forward direction than they do side to side, backwards, up, and down.

Stoneflies have the most decisive flight patterns of the Big Three, and move about like a Chinook helicopter on a mission. Making just slight corrections to their flight, these heavy-bodied, long-winged invertebrates pick up momentum as they labor through the air in a largely straight forward flight. 

The Behavior of the Egg-Layer
Just as each of the major aquatic invertebrate families have a distinctive flight pattern, they are also equally recognizable to the attentive angler by how they return to the water and lay their eggs.

Mayflies are the models of the “drag-free-drift” that the dry fly anglers are always seeking to imitate. The egg-laying mayfly alights gently on the water, wings held erect like little sails, and their behavior is neither flashy or extravagant as they simply go with the flow. After dipping their abdomens beneath the surface of the water to deposit their eggs, the mayfly quietly expires on the water.

Like a miniature, aquatic version of the film Footloose, Caddis flies are the Kevin Bacons of the invertebrate world! While the egg-laying caddis fly returns to the water in a number of ways, the overwhelming number of caddis species dive and bounce across the surface of the water in the same sporadic and spiraling flight that defined them in the air.

The largest of the “Big Three” aquatic invertebrate families, the Stoneflies make their presence known when they return to the water to lay their eggs. Hitting the water like a wounded helicopter, the legs of the egg-laying stonefly churn the water, allowing them to quickly skitter over the top of the water. Shaming an Ivy League crew team with the fervor of their strokes, the adult stoneflies almost run across the surface of the water in an egg-laying behavior unique to themselves. 

Learn From The Masters
No matter how acrobatic my pursuit, or how vigorously I wave my bug seine in an attempt to capture a flying insect, there are masters of the river who surpass all of my bug collecting aspirations. Tirelessly sampling both night and day, these masters of entomology patiently chronicle and update a running log of the hatch, laying in lines and displaying their most recent captures. The Jedi-like masters that I elude to are not some PhD level bug geeks, but the countless species of spiders that inhabit stream banks and willow thickets along every trout water in the world. Held in the threads of their webs is an up-to-date catalog of family, species, and invertebrate life cycle hatching, hopping, and flying around that section of water. These time-lapse photos of the hatch found in stream side spider webs give the angler an unparalleled opportunity to crack open their fly box and accurately match the hatch.

Sa: https://ascentflyfishing.com/blog/how-to-identify-dry-flies-and-match-the-hatch-from-a-distance/

Priredio Ivan Korhner